systems
The grammar as a handful of shapes. Each cell is a real tag: lit where the reader teaches it, dim where it is only defined. Tap any cell for its note.
Every finite verb is one stem plus one ending, and that ending fixes all of these at once — when, who, how many, which voice-side, and whether the subject or object is in view.
Every noun sits at one of eight cases and three numbers on its stem-class — twenty-four cells, and the ending names the cell.
The role a noun plays toward the verb, and the case that role assigns. The role is the meaning; the विभक्ति is the mark — and the last two rows are not roles at all, which is why all eight cases appear here but only six कारकs do.
Two words become one; which member is the head decides the type. Ask: is the last word the head, both, neither, or an indeclinable?
A finished noun takes an affix to make another noun. The sense comes first; a family of suffixes expresses it.
A root takes an affix to become a nominal — a participle, a gerund, an infinitive, an agent- or action-noun. The first cut: does it decline?